How do you know if your sinus infection is bacterial or viral?

What causes sinus infections? Bacterial vs. viral explained.

Most sinus infections, or sinusitis, start when something blocks the sinuses, like a cold, allergies or even irritants like smoke. This blockage can trap mucus, creating the perfect breeding ground for germs. But not all sinus infections are the same.

• Viral sinus infections are the most common type, often developing as a complication of the common cold or flu. These infections usually clear up in 7–10 days without the need for antibiotics.
• On the other hand, bacterial sinus infections happen when bacteria take advantage of the blocked sinuses and cause a longer-lasting infection. These are less common but may require antibiotics for treatment.

How can you tell the difference between bacterial vs. viral?

• If your symptoms, like congestion, facial pressure and runny nose, improve within a week, it’s likely viral.
• If symptoms persist or worsen after 10 days, or if you experience a high fever, intense facial pain, or thick yellow/green mucus, it may be bacterial.
   

Do you need antibiotics for a sinus infection?

Antibiotics are strong medicines, but they don’t always work. Most sinus infections are caused by viruses, so antibiotics won’t help and might cause side effects like a stomach ache or make medicine less effective in the future.

But for bacterial sinus infections, antibiotics can help you feel better faster and reduce symptoms.

Here’s when antibiotics might be necessary:

• Your symptoms last longer than 10 days without improvement.
• You have severe symptoms, like a high fever over 101°F or significant swelling around your face or eyes.
• Symptoms improve, then suddenly worsen (a pattern known as “double sickening”).

Pro tip: Don’t rush to antibiotics unless your doctor recommends them. Viral infections resolve on their own with supportive care and overusing antibiotics can lead to bigger problems down the road.

Treatment options for bacterial and viral sinus infections.

The good news is that both types of sinus infections have plenty of treatment options to help you feel better.

For viral sinus infections:

• Stay hydrated to thin mucus and promote drainage.
• Use a saline nasal spray or rinse to clear out your sinuses.
• Try over-the-counter pain relievers for headaches or facial pressure.
• Use a humidifier to keep the air moist and reduce irritation.

For bacterial sinus infections:

• Follow your doctor’s prescription for antibiotics if recommended. Finish the full course, even if you feel better before it’s done.
• Combine antibiotics with home remedies like steam inhalation or warm compresses to ease discomfort.
• Keep up with the same supportive measures for viral infections, like hydration and nasal rinses.

When should you see a doctor for bacterial and viral sinus infections?

If you’re not sure what’s causing your sinus infection or if your symptoms worsen, it’s time to seek help. A healthcare provider can evaluate your symptoms, recommend appropriate treatments and help rule out any complications.

What happens if you let a sinus infection go untreated?

Ignoring a sinus infection might seem harmless at first, but it can lead to complications. Most viral sinus infections clear up on their own within 10 days, but untreated bacterial infections can worsen over time. 

Here's what might happen:

• Prolonged symptoms: Without treatment, symptoms like congestion, facial pressure and post-nasal drip can linger, making daily life uncomfortable.
• Infections spreading: A bacterial sinus infection can spread to nearby areas, such as the eyes or brain, leading to serious conditions like orbital cellulitis or meningitis.
• Chronic sinusitis: Repeated or untreated infections can lead to chronic sinusitis, which may require long-term medical management or even surgery.

If your symptoms last more than 10 days, worsen after initial improvement, or include severe facial pain, swelling, or fever, it’s time to see a doctor. CityMD's team is here to help diagnose and treat your sinus infection before it turns into a bigger problem.
 

Bacterial and viral sinus infections: take control of your health.

Sinus infections can feel miserable, but understanding the difference between bacterial and viral causes can make managing your symptoms easier. Whether it’s rest and hydration for a viral infection or antibiotics for a bacterial one, the right approach can help you recover faster.

If you’re still not sure what’s causing your sinus infection or need professional advice, CityMD is here to help. Visit one of our urgent care locations for quick, reliable care and guidance. Don’t let sinus pain keep you down—get back to feeling your best today!