Chickenpox in adults: why it’s worse than in kids & how to stay safe.

Chickenpox isn’t just for kids: what adults need to know.

Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and while it’s often mild in children, adults who catch it can face a much tougher time. 

If you never had chickenpox or the vaccine growing up, you can still get infected and chances are, your body won’t take it lightly. Here’s why.

1. Stronger immune reaction.

Adults have fully developed immune systems, which means the body mounts a stronger inflammatory response to the virus. That can lead to higher fevers, more fatigue and a more widespread, painful rash compared to children.

2. Greater risk of complications.

The stakes are higher in adulthood. Complications are more common and can be serious, including:

• Pneumonia (especially in smokers or people with lung conditions)
• Skin infections from scratched or open blisters
• Brain inflammation (encephalitis)
• Hepatitis or liver inflammation
• Dehydration from high fever and reduced appetite

3. Longer recovery time.

While kids often bounce back in about a week, adults may take 10 days or more to fully recover and some symptoms can linger even longer.

4. Higher risks during pregnancy.

If a pregnant person catches chickenpox, especially in the first 20 weeks, it can lead to birth defects or serious complications like varicella pneumonia, which can be life-threatening.

5. No previous immunity to chickenpox.

Adults who didn’t get chickenpox or the vaccine as a child may have no immunity at all, leaving them fully vulnerable to the virus. And unfortunately, the older you are, the tougher the illness tends to be.

How adults catch chickenpox.

• Close contact with someone who has chickenpox or shingles
• Airborne exposure to coughs or sneezes from an infected person
• Touching virus-contaminated surfaces (less common but possible)

Who’s most at risk for chickenpox?

• Adults who never had chickenpox or the vaccine
• Pregnant women (especially in the first or second trimester)
• People with weakened immune systems
• Healthcare or childcare workers exposed to the virus regularly

Even a quick exposure can lead to infection if you're not immune. That’s why it’s important to know your history and talk to your doctor about the chickenpox vaccine if you're unsure.

Why chickenpox hits adults harder: symptoms and risks.

In kids, chickenpox is usually itchy and inconvenient. In adults, it can be downright brutal.

Symptoms of chickenpox in adults.

• High fever (often 100.4°F or higher)
• Widespread, painful rash that turns into fluid-filled blisters
• Headache, fatigue and body aches
• Loss of appetite
• Longer recovery time (7–10 days or more)

The rash tends to be more severe in adults, often spreading to the face, scalp, chest and even inside the mouth or throat. And unlike kids, adults are more likely to experience complications.

Serious risks for adults with chickenpox.

• Pneumonia (a leading cause of hospitalization in adult chickenpox cases)
• Skin infections from scratching or open blisters
• Encephalitis (brain inflammation)
• Hepatitis and other organ complications, especially in those with weakened immune systems
• Severe outcomes during pregnancy, including birth defects or complications for the baby

If you’re an adult and develop chickenpox symptoms, don’t wait it out without guidance. The sooner you seek care, the better your chances of avoiding serious complications.

How to treat adult chickenpox.

If you’re an adult with chickenpox, treatment is all about easing symptoms, preventing complications and protecting others from infection.

What to do at home about adult chickenpox.

• Rest and hydrate. Give your body time to recover. Drink plenty of fluids.
• Manage the fever. Use over-the-counter fever reducers like acetaminophen (avoid aspirin as it's linked to Reye’s syndrome).
• Relieve the itch.
  • Take cool baths with baking soda or oatmeal
  • Apply calamine lotion to the rash
  • Wear loose, breathable clothing to avoid irritation

Antiviral medication.

Adults are often prescribed antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, particularly when treatment is started within the first 24 to 48 hours of symptom onset. Early intervention can help shorten the duration of illness and lower the risk of serious complications. A varicella vaccine booster is also available for adults if needed, though it is not part of routine pediatric vaccination.

When to call the doctor about adult chickenpox

• If you’re having trouble breathing or chest pain
• If your fever gets very high or lasts more than four days
• If blisters look infected (red, swollen, oozing pus)
• If you’re pregnant or have a weakened immune system

How to protect others from chickenpox.

Chickenpox is highly contagious. Stay home until all blisters have crusted over, usually 7–10 days after symptoms begin. Let your workplace and close contacts know if you've been diagnosed.

Conclusion.

Chickenpox might be common in childhood, but in adults, it’s a whole different story. 

From more severe symptoms to the risk of serious complications like pneumonia and encephalitis, adult chickenpox isn’t something to take lightly.

But with early treatment, proper care and preventive steps like vaccination, you can protect yourself and those around you.

Whether you think you've been exposed, are showing symptoms, or just want to check your immunity status, CityMD is here to help. Our urgent care providers offer fast, walk-in visits and expert guidance to keep you safe and informed.

Don’t wait: visit your local CityMD today for peace of mind and the care you deserve.